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Increasing Electrical Efficiency in Data Centers

Compare three ways to power the racks ↓

The Electrical Efficiency Challenge

The cost of electricity is the primary determination of where a Data Center is located, and electricity consumption is the primary operating cost for a Data Center. The electric power arrives at the Data Center as either AC or DC at various voltages and it goes through various conversions back and forth from AC to DC several times. There is an efficiency loss with every AC/DC and DC/AC conversion. Recently the Data Centers have been desiring to use more DC at room temperature inside the Data Center for increased electrical efficiency.

High-Efficiency Cryo-Cables

Replacing existing technology with cryo-cables powered by superconductors or cryo-conductors would offer the potential to increase the electrical efficiency of the Data Center more than room temperature DC copper bus bars. The payback for using cryo-cables for saving electricity can be just a few years.

Network Optimization and Reliability

Operation of the Data Center power network could be further optimized with the installation of superconducting fault current limiters and superconducting magnetic energy storage (SMES), which is a new form of Uninterruptible Power Source (UPS), to maximize reliability with the lowest electricity consumption.

How it works

Fewer conversions, less heat

Power reaching a data centre is converted between AC and DC several times, and every conversion loses some as heat. Moving to DC removes conversions. Carrying that DC on a superconducting cryo-cable removes most of the heat in the cable itself, and superconducting fault current limiters and SMES add protection on the same network.

Swipe sideways to see the whole power path.

Power path from the utility to the server racks Three power paths. With AC distribution, power passes through several AC and DC conversions, each giving off heat, and the copper cables warm up. With DC on copper bus bars there are fewer conversions but the bus bars still heat. With DC on a superconducting cryo-cable there are fewest conversions and almost no heat in the cable, with an optional superconducting fault current limiter and SMES unit on the bus. UTILITY → RACKS
Conversion stages3AC to DC, DC to AC, AC to DC
Heat in the cablesResistiveCopper conductors warm up under load
ProtectionConventionalBattery UPS in the conversion chain
Simplified illustration of the principle. Not to scale and not measured data; the number of stages varies by site.